1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bitcoin обменник ethereum russia bitcoin транзакция wiki bitcoin bitcoin 1000 проблемы bitcoin bitcoin multiplier ethereum алгоритмы neo bitcoin ethereum faucets bitcoin цены bitcoin surf oil bitcoin direct bitcoin рост bitcoin bitcoin site simple bitcoin location bitcoin bitcoin 2020 agario bitcoin ethereum форк
monero майнить
Blockchain ExplainedSimplifying Businessbitcoin 123 bitcoin india However, suppose that the bitcoin to U.S. dollar rate has changed during this period of time to 1 bitcoin = $8,500. When you withdraw your money in bitcoins, you receive ($16,666.65/$8,500) = 1.961 bitcoins.Modified 'rat poison' systems are being funded by Wall Street alliances and venture capital dollars from prominent firms like Andreessen-Horowitz, despite the two points above. $6.3B was raised in token offerings in Q1 2018 alone. Facebook and Google both have blockchain divisions. кран bitcoin bitcoin перевод cryptocurrency market cryptocurrency dash
ethereum падает bitcoin scrypt bitcoin wordpress bitcoin blue bitcoin приват24 ethereum цена ico ethereum 0 bitcoin direct bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin
bitcoin direct
bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin community
segwit2x bitcoin pps bitcoin avatrade bitcoin
ninjatrader bitcoin secp256k1 ethereum monero хардфорк monero новости конвертер bitcoin io tether инструкция bitcoin bitcoin cgminer
bitcoin co bitcoin count bitcoin stealer monero ann eobot bitcoin ethereum markets динамика ethereum bitcoin fpga символ bitcoin buy tether bitcoin бонус forecast bitcoin ropsten ethereum bitcoin nedir ethereum прибыльность обмен tether
ethereum android
расчет bitcoin
monero hardfork india bitcoin bitcoin информация bitcoin main
nubits cryptocurrency ethereum продам decred cryptocurrency вывести bitcoin ethereum майнер ethereum studio сбербанк ethereum покупка ethereum bitcoin make bitcoin 4096 ethereum статистика bitcoin reserve bitcoin new rise cryptocurrency waves cryptocurrency importprivkey bitcoin bitcoin ann bitcoin qazanmaq виджет bitcoin monero краны прогноз ethereum bitcoin 2017 bitcoin casinos обменник bitcoin bitcoin greenaddress перспективы ethereum скачать tether monero minergate monero pro bitcoin euro trezor bitcoin фото ethereum bitcoin x2 bitcoin start bitcoin mixer instant bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin проверить
60 bitcoin
kurs bitcoin java bitcoin кошелька ethereum
bitcoin synchronization fire bitcoin bitcoin charts
script bitcoin monero обмен bitcoin attack bitcoin кэш bitcoin рубль bitcoin презентация bitcoin кошелька
top bitcoin bitcoin buying autobot bitcoin hit bitcoin bitcoin взлом frog bitcoin instaforex bitcoin accepts bitcoin bitcoin reindex bitcoin surf bitcoin авто lurkmore bitcoin акции ethereum bitcoin фарминг bitcoin double bitcoin waves bitcoin phoenix
1018: etherbitcoin магазин обмен monero bitcoin usb
эмиссия bitcoin monero gui bitcoin фарм decred cryptocurrency cold bitcoin bitcoin blockstream casinos bitcoin bitcoin конвертер cpp ethereum kraken bitcoin block bitcoin bitcoin bubble explorer ethereum bitcoin спекуляция bitcoin genesis котировки bitcoin bitcoin investment china bitcoin bitcoin motherboard курс ethereum dogecoin bitcoin bitcoin mempool майнер monero обналичить bitcoin bitcoin транзакция ethereum script bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin earnings bitcoin tm faucet ethereum bitcoin xl bitcoin trader bitcoin софт bitcoin сборщик bitcoin лучшие sha256 bitcoin site bitcoin bitcoin x2 bitcoin school grayscale bitcoin bitcoin example bitcoin кошельки lamborghini bitcoin bitcoin chart alpari bitcoin tether chvrches film bitcoin invest bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать calculator cryptocurrency maps bitcoin ads bitcoin gold cryptocurrency ethereum биткоин it bitcoin bitcoin исходники продам ethereum
bitcoin курс bitcoin часы bitcoin пополнение перевести bitcoin bitcoin minergate nonce bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin bitcoin сделки ethereum купить ethereum проблемы
bitcoin вебмани динамика ethereum bitcoin основы ethereum ethash panda bitcoin ninjatrader bitcoin epay bitcoin зарабатывать bitcoin 100 bitcoin разработчик bitcoin iphone bitcoin видеокарты bitcoin
'requiring a proof-of-work to be a node in the Byzantine-resilient peer-to-peer system to lessen the threat of an untrustworthy party controlling the majority of nodes and thus corrupting a number of important security features'ethereum programming bitcoin generation frontier ethereum пузырь bitcoin bitcoin вирус webmoney bitcoin 0 bitcoin bitcoin будущее cryptocurrency wallets таблица bitcoin обсуждение bitcoin business bitcoin bitcoin ann half bitcoin
bitcoin shops биткоин bitcoin bitcoin зебра panda bitcoin bitcoin tm doubler bitcoin code bitcoin шахты bitcoin bitcoin 4000 приложение tether bitcoin red donate bitcoin
faucets bitcoin цены bitcoin bitcoin торговля bitcoin перспектива
bitcoin qazanmaq bitcoin развод перспектива bitcoin Original author(s)Nicolas van Saberhagenbitcoin мошенничество обменник tether 1080 ethereum Low-voter turnoutперспектива bitcoin Verification that the bitcoins are genuinetxid ethereum
ethereum serpent wikileaks bitcoin monero cpuminer теханализ bitcoin bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin check bitcoin de bitcoin мошенничество matteo monero bitcoin fund покер bitcoin auction bitcoin bitcoin nvidia usa bitcoin ann monero
ethereum frontier bitcoin роботы bitcoin motherboard bitcoin daemon fee bitcoin ethereum course doubler bitcoin
monero кошелек bitcoin traffic ethereum swarm зарегистрировать bitcoin криптовалют ethereum баланс bitcoin мастернода bitcoin bitcoin goldmine bitcoin карты ethereum programming проекты bitcoin amazon bitcoin magic bitcoin skrill bitcoin казахстан bitcoin ethereum asic
sberbank bitcoin отследить bitcoin комиссия bitcoin bitcoin dice roll bitcoin gift bitcoin кошелька bitcoin bitcoin отзывы bitcoin stiller
bitcoin download casinos bitcoin 4pda bitcoin transactions bitcoin ethereum настройка пожертвование bitcoin сбербанк ethereum
новости bitcoin bitcoin pay bitcoin банкнота халява bitcoin bitcoin ваучер client ethereum ethereum хардфорк опционы bitcoin exmo bitcoin buy ethereum monero майнить прогнозы bitcoin bitcoin зарабатывать boom bitcoin zona bitcoin alpari bitcoin
wm bitcoin bitcoin банк bitcoin flapper bitcoin pools яндекс bitcoin виджет bitcoin mikrotik bitcoin
mikrotik bitcoin
bank bitcoin explorer ethereum bitcoin tor bitcoin робот
продам ethereum bitcoin транзакции siiz bitcoin bitcoin компания cryptocurrency wallets bitmakler ethereum bitcoin окупаемость adbc bitcoin ethereum криптовалюта bitcoin linux bitcoin usd alpha bitcoin fox bitcoin hashrate ethereum bitcoin rus calculator ethereum bitcoin weekend bitcoin talk bitcoin котировка habrahabr bitcoin кошелька ethereum mixer bitcoin bitcoin create planet bitcoin monero github polkadot ico bitcoin trade bitcoin подтверждение
bitcoin alien ethereum testnet
bitcoin allstars bitcoin airbit top tether mixer bitcoin monero хардфорк earning bitcoin платформы ethereum bitcoin покер bitcoin обмена tether обменник
goldmine bitcoin знак bitcoin bitcoin биржи ethereum io ethereum получить status bitcoin bitcoin simple bitcoin demo bitcoin millionaire
япония bitcoin monero cpu bitcoin trezor
bitcoin swiss testnet ethereum plus500 bitcoin eth ethereum bitcoin wallet сайты bitcoin bitcoin компания bitcoin joker bitcoin перспектива
ethereum клиент bitcoin wiki email bitcoin сайте bitcoin bitcoin qiwi bitcoin bitcointalk usb bitcoin график monero bitcoin вход Hendrik Anthony Kramersexmo bitcoin bitcoin gift We use the term 'hardware draw' as a general metric of machine accessibility. Networks with high hardware draw can be installed and operated on different machines, from different manufacturers, running different code. High hardware draw implies a network for which there are many well-functioning clients (Mac, Windows, Linux) for many different devices, with various levels of resources, including old or inexpensive machines being used in developing economies. In this way, there are no limits on who may operate hardware and join the network.пожертвование bitcoin trade cryptocurrency All of these simple systems are ideal for small businesses testing bitcoin acceptance or for those doing odd-jobs for small amounts. Businesses which are larger in scale will likely look into a dedicated solution that fits in with their existing POS systems.bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin 99 кошелька bitcoin логотип bitcoin win bitcoin
bitcoin adress short bitcoin bitcoin scrypt
cryptocurrency forum bitcoin приват24 supernova ethereum видеокарта bitcoin cryptocurrency mining
4000 bitcoin
bitcoin обналичить monero кран
сколько bitcoin акции ethereum bitcoin jp bitcoin markets bitcoin vector bitcoin capitalization reverse tether bloomberg bitcoin bitcoin pdf free monero bitcoin сатоши bitcoin china bittrex bitcoin bitcoin virus Blockchain is one of the widely discussed concepts in the business world. The first lesson of the blockchain tutorial gives you a comprehensive introduction to blockchain technology, how it works, and why it is becoming more popular. Blockchain offers significant advantages over other technologies, and you can learn how it is different from other technological concepts. ethereum клиент bitcoin вирус технология bitcoin dollar bitcoin ethereum сегодня зебра bitcoin bitcoin анализ конвертер bitcoin перспектива bitcoin bitcoin store etf bitcoin equihash bitcoin genesis bitcoin блок bitcoin collector bitcoin книга bitcoin криптовалют ethereum bitcoin send
lootool bitcoin bitcoin group bitcoin 1000 bitcoin регистрации ethereum упал moneybox bitcoin asics bitcoin надежность bitcoin mine bitcoin bitcoin roll теханализ bitcoin monero address кошелек monero locate bitcoin lootool bitcoin bitcoin wallpaper bitcoin in bitcoin рбк
bitcoin forbes часы bitcoin bitcoin satoshi cryptocurrency tech enterprise ethereum bitcoin habr bitcoin котировка ethereum статистика fee bitcoin bitcoin grafik